TEACHING TECHNIQUES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
TEACHER
- INTRODUCTION
- QUALITIES
OF A GOOD TEACHER
- TEACHING
STATEGIES
- AUDIO
VISUAL AIDS
- OHP
- BLACK
BOARD
- THE
LECTURE
- INGRADIENTS
OF A GOOD LECTURE
- CONCLUSION
& DISCUSSIONS.
1.
INTRODUCTION:
MOST OF US LECTURE MOST OF THE TIME-
DEVELOP HABITS OF TALKING, MOVING, TICS &
SPASMS.
-
LECTURE IS WIDELY ACCEPTED & IT IS
POPULAR AMONG STUDENTS.
-
TEACHER IS NOT A THERAPIST, CLASSROOM IS NOT
A CLINIC & STUDENT IS NO PATIENT.
-
TEACHER IS AN INSPIRATIONAL FORCE FOR
STUDENTS.
-
TEACHER IS AN EXAMINER OF VALUE JUDGEMENTS.
-
TEACHER IS A SOURCE OF LATEST KNOWLEDGE.
-
TEACHER MUST AROUSE INTEREST, INITIATE
ACTION, REVIEW ACTIONS, CORRECT & SO…ON…
2.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD TEACHER
·
QUALITIES TO BE A GLOBAL TEACHER
·
INTENSE LOVE FOR HIS SUBJECT.
·
FIND ABSOLUTE SATISFACTION IN AROUSING THIS
LOVE AMONG STUDENTS.
·
ABILITY TO CONVINCE THE STUDENTS THAT WHAT
THEY ARE LEARNING IS DEADLY SERIOUS.
·
MUST HAVE CONTROL ON TWO DIMENSIONS:
ONE:
INTELLECTUAL EXCITEMENT
TWO:
INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
3.
TEACHING STATEGIES
·
LECTURE
·
GROUP DISCUSSION
·
SEMINARS
·
SYMPOSIUM
·
THE PANEL
·
PROGRAMMED LEARNING
·
PROJECT WORK
·
TUTORIAL
·
ROLE PLAY
·
PRACTICAL / FIELD WORK
·
WORK-SHOP
·
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
THE LECTURE
CAREFUL
PRESENTATION OF FACTS VIA ORGANISED THOUGHTS & IDEAS.
GROUP DISCUSSION: (SMALL
GROUPS)
Ø FACE TO
FACE
Ø EXCHANGE
OF IDEAS
SEMINARS:
Ø OUT COME
OF RESEARCH OR ADVANCED STUDY
Ø STUDENT
IS ACTIVE & TEACHER IS PASSIVE
Ø UNDER
DIRECTION OF AN EXPERT
Ø LEADS TO
INDEPTH STUDY OF TOPIC
SYMPOSIUM:
Ø SERIES OF
SPEECHES BY 2-5 EXPERTS UNDER A CHAIRMAN
Ø THE TALKS
ARE 10-25 MINUTES
Ø THE
AUDIENCE IS PASSIVE, NO DISCUSSION.
Ø CHAIRMAN – CONCLUDES WITH CORUPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF TOPIC IN THE END AUDIENCE MAY CONTRIBUTE.
THE PANEL:
Ø GROUP OF
4-8 PEOPLE
Ø DISCUSS A
GIVEN PROBLEM IN PRESENCE OF AUDIENCE
Ø THE PANEL
HAS MODERATOR
Ø CHAIRMAN
OPENS THE MEETING WITH TOPIC BRIEFS
Ø CHAIRMAN
LEADS CHAIN OF THOUGHTS
Ø CONCLUDED
BY DISCUSSION.
PROGRAMED LEARNING:
Ø METHOD OF
SELF LEARNING
Ø INSTRUCTION
PROVIDED IN STEPS
Ø THROUGH
USE OF LOGS / WORK BOOK
Ø ASCERTAIN
RIGHT OR WRONG
Ø PROGRESS
AT ONCE OWN PACE.
PROJECT WORK (RESEARCH)
Ø INDIVIDUAL
OR GROUP ACTIVITY
Ø COMPLETION
OF TASK UNDER GUIDANCE
Ø OFFERS
VARIETY OF LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Ø SHORT
TERM & LONG TERM
Ø USE OF
PRACTICAL, LAB, FACTORY SET UP, FLOOR SHOP, REFERENCES & CROSS REFERENCES
TUTORIAL:
Ø ONE TO
ONE
Ø BETWEEN
STUDENT & TEACHER
Ø TEACHER
IS PASSIVE / STUDENT IS ACTIVE
Ø TEACHER CONCLUDES BY ADDING/ DELETING POINTS.
PRACTICALS / FIELD WORK
Ø SKILL
INDUCING
Ø STUDENTS
PERFORMS, RECORDS, ANALYSE, CONCLUDE
Ø APPLICATION
OF THEORITICAL PRINCIPLES FOR NOTING OUTCOME
Ø QUESTIONING,
DISCUSSION AT THE END.
WORKSHOP:
Ø SERIES OF
MEETINGS >4
Ø PESOURCE
PERSON IS KEY
Ø UPON A
SET OF THEME – PROGRAMMED EXPOSURE.
Ø LEARNING
IS IN A FRIENDLY, HAPPY & DEMOCRATIC ATMOSPHERE UNDER GUIDANCE.
EACH TEACHING METHOD HAS ITS OWN ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
METHOD TO USE DEPENDS UPON
Ø TEACHER
Ø OBJECTIVE
NO-ONE METHOD IS BEST….
THE METHOD THAT PLACES LEARNER IN AN ACTIVE STATE
IS BEST FOR LEARNING….
AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
Ø PUBLIC
ADDRESS SYSTEM
Ø CASETTE
TAPE RECORDERS
Ø ACD
Ø RADIO
VISUAL AIDS
NON-PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS
Ø CHALK
BOARD
Ø MARKER
BOARD
Ø CHARTS /
DIAGRAMS
Ø PHOTOGRAPHS
/ MODELS
PROJECTED VISUAL AIDS
Ø OHP
Ø SLIDE
PROJECTOR
Ø LCD
PROJECTOR
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Ø VCD
Ø CLOSED
CIRCUIT & OPEN TV
Ø CINE
FILMS
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR:
Ø POWERFUL
TEACHING TOOL
Ø CAN BE
PREPARED ON THE SPOT & PRESERVED FOR A LONG TIME
Ø EYE TO
EYE CONTACT IS BETTER
Ø NO NEED
TO DARKEN ROOM
Ø PROGRESSIVE
DISCLOSURE POSSIBLE.
Ø THE
PROJECTION SHOULD BE VISIBLE TO ENTIRE CLASS
Ø ENSURE
LETTERS ARE VISIBLE TO LAST PERSON
Ø EACH
LETTER SHOULD BE 8 –10 mm HIGHT
Ø NO MORE
THAN 6 WORDS IN A LINE
Ø NOT MORE
THAN 8 LINES ON EACH TRANSPERENCY
Ø USE
SUPPORT TEMPLATE
Ø DONOT
PROJECT ENTIRE TRANSPERENCY
Ø DO
OPTIMAL PROGRESSIVE DISCLOSURE
Ø USE
HEXAGONAL PENCIL AS POINTER
Ø USE CARD
BOARD FRAMES
Ø USE
METHYLATED SPIRIT & COTTON FOR ERASING
Ø PERIODICALLY
PUT OFF LIGHT BUT KEEP THE FAN RUNNING
Ø THE BEST
COLOURS – BLACK, BLUE & GREEN.
BLACK BOARD:
SIMPLICITY:
Ø TELEGRAPH
THE MESSAGE
Ø USE ONLY
STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS
Ø DONOT USE
BOARD WHEN SOMETHING IS WRITTEN
Ø USE CLEAN
BOARD WITH EVERY CONCEPT.
LEGIBILITY
Ø WRITE
LARGE LETTERS, WRITE BOLD
Ø USE WHITE
OR YELLOW COLOURED CHALKS
Ø DONOT
JUMP FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER
Ø DONOT
TALK WHILE WRITING
Ø MOVE
WHILE YOU WRITE
POWER POINT / SLIDE
Ø ART WORK
LAYOUT BE IN RATIO 2:3
(Ht
: Wdt)
Ø NOT MORE
THAN 6 LINES
Ø NOT MORE
THAN 30 LETTERS PER LINE
Ø SIZE OF
THE ALPHABET SHOULD BE 1/25 OF THE HEIGHT OF SLIDE
Ø LETTERS
SHOULD BE THICK / BLACK, BLUE & GREEN & BOLD
Ø HAVE ONE
CONCEPT ON EACH SLIDE
Ø USE KEY
WORDS
Ø AVOID
COMPLICATED GRAPHS / TABLE CHARTS
Ø TAKE A
TRIAL BEFORE PRESENTATION
Ø AVOID
SPELLING MISTAKES ENSURE CORRECT FOCUSING
THE LECTURE:
DO’S
Ø PLAN
LESSON IN ADVANCE
Ø USE
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS PROPERLLY
Ø RECOGNISE
LIMITATION OF TIME
Ø SET OBJECTIVES TO BEGIN WITH
Ø HIGHLIGHT
SIGNIFICANT POINTS, THAN “COVERING THE PORTION”
Ø PLAN TO
ASK QUESTIONS
Ø REPEAT
KEY CONCEPTS
Ø SHOW
ENTHUSIASM & INTEREST
Ø SUMMARIES
‘AT THE END’
DONT’S
Ø DON’T BE
MONOTONOUS
Ø DON’T BE
TOO SENSITIVE…TO.. YAWNS/ WHISPERS ETC..
Ø DON’T TRY
TO BE COMPLETE
Ø DON’T
RESTATE – CREATE!
Ø DON’T
CONFESS – PROFESS!
INGREDIENTS OF GOOD LECTURE
- PRESENTATION
& ORGANISTION
- EXPLAIN
RELEVANCE
- AUDIBILITY
& CLARITY
- ENTHUSIASUM
- SPEED
OF LECTURE – VOICE MODULATION…
- EMPHASIS
ON IMPORTANT POINTS
- OPTIMUM
USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
- EYE
TO EYE CONTACT
- ABILITY
TO HOLD ATTENTION
- STSTEMATIC
PRESENTATION
- RECAP
TO BEGIN & RECAP AT THE END
B. CONTENTS:
- CORRECTNESS
OF FACTS
- AMOUNTS
OF CONTENT
